Spot New Tech Skills Emerging From the Workforce

1. “Future of Jobs Report 2025,” PDF file (World Economic Forum, January 2025), www.weforum.org.

2. On the concept of bricolage — the practice of making do with the tools and materials already at hand, in contrast to the purpose-built approach of the engineer — see C. Lévi-Strauss, “The Science of the Concrete,” chap. 1 in “The Savage Mind” (University of Chicago Press, 1966). For its application to how organizations build new capabilities by recombining resources they already have, see T. Baker and R.E. Nelson, “Creating Something From Nothing: Resource Construction Through Entrepreneurial Bricolage,” Administrative Science Quarterly 50, no. 3 (September 2005): 329-366, https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.2005.50.3.329.

3. B. Saatçi, A. Marcolin, and M.L. Toraldo, “D4.4 Future Skills Training Content,” PDF file (Zenodo, June 30, 2025), https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17989595. This deliverable synthesizes findings from the 10 case studies discussed in this article; both draw on the project Up-Skilling for Industry 5.0 Roll-Out, Grant Agreement No. 101070666. Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Health and Digital Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.

4. For a concise, vendor-neutral explanation of how mixed reality relates to virtual and augmented reality, see “Demystifying the Virtual Reality Landscape,” Intel, accessed July 16, 2026, www.intel.com.

5. On the relationship between craft, tacit judgment, and resistance to mechanization, see R. Sennett, “The Craftsman” (Yale University Press, 2008).